Umugqa wokukhiqiza oshisayo wejubane eliphezulu wensimbi ephezulu yensimbi ephezulu (i-aluminium)
Izici ezibalulekile
Ulayini Wokukhiqiza wenzelwe ukwengeza inqubo yokukhiqiza yezingxenye zezimoto ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obushisayo obushisayo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi isitembu esishisayo e-Asia bese icindezela i-harding eYurophu, ifaka ukufudumeza izinto ezingenalutho emazingeni okushisa athile bese uyicindezela ekuzuzeni i-Hydraulic Technology ngenkathi kutholakala ingcindezi yokuthola ukwakheka okufunwayo futhi kwathola ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sezinto zensimbi. Indlela eshisayo yesitembu ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezishisayo nezingaqondile ezishisayo.
Izinzuzo
Enye yezinzuzo ezisemqoka zezakhi zezakhiwo ezishisayo zendlela yazo enhle kakhulu, evumela ukukhiqizwa kwama-geomethri ayinkimbinkimbi anamandla akhethekile. Amandla aphezulu ezingxenye ezishisayo anika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi wensimbi anciphile, anciphise isisindo sezinto ngenkathi egcina ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwengozi. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka:
Imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe:Ubuchwepheshe obushisayo bokuqina bunciphisa isidingo sokushiswa noma ukuqinisa ukusebenza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo okuthuthukisiwe.
I-Spreedback ne-Warpage encibilikile:Inqubo eshisayo yesitembu inciphisa izinguquko ezingathandeki, njengengxenye ye-Spreenback ne-warpage, uqinisekise ukunemba kobukhulu obuqondile kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha.
Ingxenye embalwa yengxenye:Izingxenye ezishisayo zibonisa iziphambeko ezimbalwa, njengokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezibandayo zokwakha, okuholela ekutheni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe kanye nokungcola komkhiqizo.
Ukucindezela okuphansi kwe-TONTAGE:Isitembu esishisayo sinciphisa i-tonnage edingekayo edingekayo uma iqhathaniswa namasu wokubanda okubandayo, okuholela ekugcinweni kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso izakhiwo ezibonakalayo:Ubuchwepheshe obushisayo bokuqina buvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezisuselwa ezindaweni ezithile zengxenye, ukulungiselela ukusebenza nokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okuthuthukisiwe Okuthuthukisiwe:Isitembu esishisayo sinikeza amandla okuthuthukisa i-misftructure yezinto ezibonakalayo, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuqina komkhiqizo.
Izinyathelo Zokukhiqiza Eziqondisiwe:Isitembu esishisayo siqeda noma sinciphise izinyathelo zokukhiqiza eziphakathi, okuholela kwinqubo eyenziwe lula yokukhiqiza, umkhiqizo othuthukisiwe, nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuhola.
Izicelo zomkhiqizo
Umugqa wokukhiqiza onamandla (i-aluminium) esheshayo yokukhiqiza isitembu uthola uhlelo lokusebenza olubanzi ekwakhekeni kwezitho zomzimba ezimhlophe ezimotweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imihlangano yezinsika, ama-bumpers, imishayo yomnyango, nemihlangano yesitimela yophasi esetshenziswe ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ngokwengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys athuthukile kunikwe amandla ngesitembu esishisayo kuya ngokuya kuhlolisiswa ngokwezimboni ezinjenge-aerospace, ukuzivikela, kanye nezimakethe ezivelayo. Lama-alloys anikela ngezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu nesisindo esincishisiwe okunzima ukufeza ezinye izindlela zokwakha.
Ekuphetheni, insimbi yamandla aphezulu (i-aluminium) i-high-stacting station fivery Line Ulayini uqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okunembile nokusebenzayo kwezitho zomzimba ezibunjwe ngezimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwenziwa okuphezulu, ukuncipha kwemisebenzi ehlanganayo, iziphambeko ezincishisiwe, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezithuthukisiwe, lomugqa wokukhiqiza uhlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi. Izisetshenziswa zalo zinwebeka ekwenziweni kwezitho zomzimba ezimhlophe zezimoto zabagibeli futhi zinikele ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona e-Aerospace, Defense, kanye nezimakethe ezivelayo. Tshala imali ngensimbi ephezulu yensimbi (i-aluminium) i-High-Speed Specing Line yokukhiqiza umugqa ukuze ufinyelele ukusebenza okuvelele, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo zokwakha ezilula ezimbonini zezimoto kanye nezabelo
Yini isitembu esishisayo?
Isitembu esishisayo, esaziwa nangokuthi saba yi-sarning e-Europe nasekushintshiwe kwakhiwa e-Asia, kuyindlela yokwakheka lapho kuvela khona ingcindezi ekufeni okufanayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-Shape okufunwayo ukuze kufinyelelwe entweni yensimbi. Ubuchwepheshe obushisayo bokuqina bubandakanya ukufudumeza amashidi ensimbi ye-boron (ngamandla okuqala we-500-700 MPA) kwisimo se-aupuladiting, bese usula ingxenye yokufa ngejubane elikhulu, ukuthola isikhathi sokufa okuphezulu, ukuthola izingxenye zensimbi eziphakeme nge-untra-high namandla wensimbi.
Izinzuzo zokunyathela okushisayo
Ukuthuthuka okuthuthukile okuqinile kanye namandla okwenza i-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isisindo sengxenye esehlisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-firener sheet yensimbi ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho bezinhlekelele kanye nokusebenza kwengozi.
Ukuncipha kwesidingo sokujoyina imisebenzi efana ne-welding noma ukuqinisa.
Ingxenye encishisiwe entwasahlobo emuva nangokwehla.
Ingxenye embalwa eyingxenye efana nemifantu kanye nokuqhekeka.
Khipha izidingo ze-tonnage eziphansi ngokuqhathaniswa nokubanda okubandayo.
Amandla okuhambisana nezinto ezibonakalayo ezisekelwe ezindaweni ezithile ezithile.
Kuthuthukiswe izinto ezengeziwe zokusebenza okungcono.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza eqondiswe ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokusebenza zokuthola umkhiqizo ophelile.
Lezi zinzuzo zinikela ngokusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi, kanye nokusebenza kwezinto ezishisayo ezakhiwe ngamatshe.
Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nesitembu esishisayo
1.Hot Isitembu VS Okubandayo Isitembu
Isitembu esishisayo inqubo eyakhayo eyenziwa ngemuva kokuthola isethi yensimbi, kanti ukugxila okubandayo kubhekiselwa ekunciphiseni okuqondile kweshidi lensimbi ngaphandle komsakazi.
Isitembu esikhulayo sinezinzuzo ezicacile ngaphezulu kwesitembu esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, kukhombisa nobunzima obuthile. Ngenxa yezingcindezi eziphakeme ezibangelwa inqubo yokufaka isitembu uma kuqhathaniswa nesitembu esishisayo, imikhiqizo enezitezi ebandayo ithambekele ekuqhekekeni nasekuhlukaniseni. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka imishini yokuxubha yesitembu ekunciphiseni kwesitembu esibandayo.
Isitembu esishisayo sibandakanya ukufudumeza ishidi lensimbi liye emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngaphambi kokuxubha futhi ngasikhathi sinye ekufeni. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni okuphelele kwensimbi yensimbi eyenziwe nge-martensite, okuholela ekutheni amandla aphezulu asukela ngo-1500 kuya ku-2000 MPA. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo eshisayo enezitembu ibonisa amandla aphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nabalingani ababandayo.
2.HotHot inqubo yokugeleza
Isitembu esishisayo, esaziwa nangokuthi "cindezela ukhuni, kuhilela ukufudumeza ishidi elinamandla elinamandla ngamanzi okuqala angama-500-600 MPA emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-880 no-950 ° C. Ishidi elifudumele lisuswa ngokushesha futhi laqedwa ekufeni, lizuze amanani okupholisa ama-20-300 ° C / s. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Aucenite ku-Martensite ngesikhathi sokuqeda kukhulisa kakhulu amandla engxenye, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinamatshe ngamandla afinyelela ku-1500 MPA.hot stang amasu kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:
Esitembu esishisayo esiqondile, okushintshiwe kungenamsebenzi kudliwe ngokuqondile kuvaliwe kufela ukunyathela nokucisha. Izinqubo ezalandela zifaka ukuphoqa ukupholisa, ukunqenqema kokuqina kanye nokubhoboza umgodi (noma ukusika kwe-laser), nokuhlanza okungaphezulu.
I-Fiture1: Imodi yokucubungula esitembu esishisayo - Isitembu esishisayo esiqondile
Enqubweni eshisayo yesitembu engaqondile, kwakhiwa amakhaza abumba umsebenzi ngaphambi kokungena ezigabeni zokushisa, isitembu esishisayo, ukuncipha konqenqemeni, nokuhlanza komhlaba.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushisa okushisayo okuqondile kanye nezinqubo ezishisayo ezishisayo ezishisayo ekufakweni kokubanda kwakha isinyathelo sangaphambi kokubumba ngaphambi kokushisa ngendlela engaqondile. Esitengi esishisayo esiqondile, insimbi eshidi idliswa ngqo esithandweni sokushisa, ngenkathi isemnyameni oshisayo ongaqondile, isakhi esakhelwe amandla esibandayo sithunyelwa esithandweni sokufudumeza.
Ukugeleza kwenqubo okuyisitembu okushisayo okuqondile kuhlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukubanda kwakha ukuma kwangaphambili - ukufudumeza okushisayo - ukuncipha okushisayo - ukuncipha konqenqemeni kanye nokuhlanza indawo
I-Fiture2: Imodi yokucubungula isitembu esishisayo - isitembu esishisayo esiqondile
3.Imishini esemqoka yokuxazulula okushisayo kufaka isithando somlilo, ukushibilika kwakha amaphephandandashi, kanye nokuzibambisa okushisayo kwesitembu
Isithando somlilo:
Isithando somlilo sifakwe amakhono okushisa okushisa namazinga okushisa. Iyakwazi ukufudumeza amapuleti anamandla okushisa aphezulu ekushiseni okuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ukufeza isimo se-auntenitic. Idinga ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo. Njengoba i-billet evuthayo ingaphathwa kuphela ngamarobhothi noma izingalo ze-mehendi, isithando somlilo sidinga ukulayisha okuzenzakalelayo nokulayisha ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ngokwengeziwe, lapho kufudumeza amapuleti ensimbi angahlanganisiwe, kufanele kunikeze ukuvikela igesi ukuvikela i-oxidation yendawo kanye ne-decarbonak ye-billet.
Ukucindezela okushisayo kwakha:
I-Press isisekelo sobuchwepheshe obushisayo obushisayo. Kudinga ukuba nekhono lokutekisa okusheshayo nokubamba, kanye nokuhlonyiswa uhlelo olupholile olusheshayo. Ubuchule bezobuchwepheshe bemishini yokunyathelisa eshisayo eshisayo idlula leyo yemidlalo evamile ebandayo. Njengamanje, izinkampani ezimbalwa zakwamanye amazwe ziye zakwazi ukwakheka nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imishini enjalo, futhi bonke bancike ekungenisweni, bebenza babize.
Ukushisa okushisayo okushisayo:
Izikhunta ezishisayo ezishisayo zisebenza zombili zakha nokucima izigaba. Esigabeni esakhekayo, lapho imali ekhokhwayo ingene emgodini womuntu, isikhunta siqeda ngokushesha inqubo yokuqeda isitembu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqedwa kokwakheka kwengxenye ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwezinto ezenziwa nge-martensitic. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungena esiteji esicinile nesipholile, lapho ukushisa okuvela khona ngaphakathi kwesikhunta kuyaqhubeka kudluliswa kubumba. Amapayipi okupholisa ahlelwe ngaphakathi kwesikhunta ngaso leso sikhathi asuse ukushisa ngokuphola okugelezayo. Inguquko yeMartensitic-auntenitic iqala lapho izinga lokushisa le-workpiece liwela ku-425 ° C. Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwama-Martemite kanye nama-Audenite ukuphela lapho amazinga okushisa efinyelela ku-280 ° C, futhi umsebenzi wokusebenza uthathwa ngo-200 ° C. Iqhaza lokubamba isikhunta ukuvikela ukwanda okungalingani kwe-thermal kanye ne-contraction ngesikhathi senqubo yokugunda, okungaholela ekutheni kube nezinguquko ezibalulekile esimweni nobukhulu bengxenye, okuholela ekuchitheni. Ngokwengeziwe, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa okushisayo phakathi komsebenzi wokusebenza kanye nokubumba, ukukhuthaza ukucima okusheshayo nokupholisa.
Ngamafuphi, imishini esemqoka yokuxazulula isitembu esishisayo ifaka isitholi sokushisa sokuthola ukufudumala okuwukuthola isitembu esisheshayo nokubamba isitembu sokupholisa ngokushesha, nokuqedeka okushisayo kokwenza ukwakheka kwengxenye efanele kanye nokupholisa kahle.
Ijubane lokupholisa eligulayo alihlathi lithinta isikhathi sokukhiqiza kuphela, kodwa futhi lithinta ukusebenza kahle phakathi kwe-Auden neMartensite. Isilinganiso sokupholisa sinquma ukuthi luhlobo luni lwesakhiwo sekristalu oluzokwakhiwa futhi luhlobene nomphumela wokugcina wokuqina we-Working. Izinga lokushisa elibucayi le-boron lensimbi licishe libe ngama-30 ℃ / s, futhi kuphela lapho isilinganiso sokupholisa sidlula izinga lokushisa elibucayi lingakhushulwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokupholisa lingaphansi kwamazinga okupholisa abucayi, izakhiwo ezingezona ezenziwa ama-martensitic ezinjengeBaini zizovela esakhiweni se-WorkPhiepe Crystallization. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu, okungcono, kuphakama izinga lokupholisa kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ezakhiwe, kanye nebanga lokupholisa elinengqondo lidinga ukunqunywa ngokuya ngokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemibandela yenqubo yezingxenye.
Njengoba ukwakheka kwepayipi elipholile kuhlobene ngqo nosayizi wejubane lokupholisa, ipayipi elipholile ngokuvamile lenzelwe ngokubuka okuphezulu kokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi kunzima ukuthola ngokushayela ngomshini ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokuphonswa kwemali. Ukuze ugweme ukukhawulelwa ukucubungula kwemishini, indlela yokugcina iziteshi zamanzi ngaphambi kokuphonswa isikhunta ngokuvamile kukhethwe.
Ngoba isebenza isikhathi eside ngo-200 ℃ kuya ku-880 ~ 950 ℃ ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezibandayo nezishisayo zokufa, futhi kungamelana nokungqubuzana okuqinile okukhiqizwayo okwenziwe ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezibumbayo kufanele futhi zibe nokumelana kahle nokugqwala kokuphola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba okubushelelezi kwepayipi elipholile.
Ukuncipha nokubhoboza
Ngoba amandla ezingxenye ngemuva kokunyathela okushisayo kufinyelela cishe nge-1500MPA, uma kusetshenziswa ukugawulwa kwezindaba nokushaya, izidingo ze-stouting ezikhudlwana zikukhulu. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi wokusika ama-laser ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusika imiphetho nezimbobo.
4Khetha amamaki ensimbi eshisayo eshisayo
Ukusebenza ngaphambi kokunyathela
Ukusebenza ngemuva kokunyathela
Njengamanje, ibanga elijwayelekile lensimbi eshisayo eyisitembu yi-B1500HS. Amandla ashubeni ngaphambi kokugxuma ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-480-800mpa, nangemva kokunyathela, amandla ashukumisayo angafinyelela ku-1300-1700MPA. Lokho kusho ukuthi, amandla ashubile epuleti yensimbi engu-480-800MPA, ekubumbeni isitembu esishisayo, angathola amandla ashubile ezingxenye ezingaba ngu-1300-1700MPA.
5.Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi eshisayo yesitembu
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezishisayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayisana kwemoto bese uqaphela ukungasindi kwesidumbu semoto esimhlophe. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obushisayo obushisayo bufakiwe ezingxenyeni zomzimba abamhlophe bezimoto zabagibeli, njengemoto, insika, isisekelo, ugongolo ophahleni kanye nezinye izingxenye 3 ngezansi ngokwesibonelo izingxenye ezilungele isisindo.
Umdwebo 3: Izakhi zomzimba ezimhlophe ezilungele isitembu esishisayo
Fig. 4: Imishini kaJiangdong 1200 Ton Hot Isitembu 1. Umugqa wokucindezela
Njengamanje, imishini yaseJiangdong eshisayo isitembu se-hydraulic Cindezela ukukhiqizwa kwezixazululo kuvuthiwe kakhulu futhi uzinzile, insimu eshisayo eshisayo yaseChina ingeyemishini yokuHlola, futhi njengoba i-China Machine Tool Association i-China Speed Speed Isitembu sensimbi kanye ne-aluminium eshisayo Ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha oshisayo wesitembu eChina kanye nezwe.
