Ulayini Wokukhiqiza Izitembu oshisayo wesivinini esikhulu we-ultral high-Strength Steel (Aluminium)
Izici ezibalulekile
Ulayini wokukhiqiza uklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugxiviza okushisayo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hot stamping e-Asia kanye nokuqina kokucindezela eYurophu, ihlanganisa ukushisisa into engenalutho ezingeni lokushisa elithile bese uyicindezela ekubunjweni okuhambisanayo usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-hydraulic press ngenkathi igcina ingcindezi yokufinyelela isimo oyifunayo futhi iguqule isigaba sensimbi. Indlela yokugxiviza isitembu eshisayo ingahlukaniswa ibe izindlela zokugxiviza eziqondile nezingaqondile.
Izinzuzo
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezingxenye zesakhiwo esinesitembu esishisayo ukuhleleka kwazo okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi anamandla aqinile aqinile. Amandla aphezulu ezingxenye ezinesitembu esishisayo avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi ensimbi azacile, anciphise isisindo sezingxenye kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho besakhiwo nokusebenza kokuphahlazeka. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka:
Imisebenzi Encishisiwe Yokuhlanganisa:Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka isitembu esishisayo bunciphisa isidingo sokushisela noma ukubopha imisebenzi yokuxhuma, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuqotho bomkhiqizo obuthuthukisiwe.
I-Springback ne-Warpage Encishisiwe:Inqubo yokufaka isitembu esishisayo inciphisa ukuwohloka okungathandeki, okufana nengxenye ye-springback ne-warpage, iqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu obunembile nokunciphisa isidingo sokusebenza kabusha okwengeziwe.
Izingxenye Ezincane Zokukhubazeka:Izingxenye ezinezitembu ezishisayo zibonisa amaphutha ambalwa, njengokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwakha ezibandayo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuncipha kwemfucuza.
Ithoni Yokucindezela Okuphansi:Ukugxiviza okushisayo kunciphisa amathani okucindezela adingekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namasu okwakha abandayo, okuholela ekongeni kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo Izinto Ezibalulekile:Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka isitembu esishisayo buvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ngokusekelwe ezindaweni ezithile zengxenye, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo Ezincane Okuthuthukisiwe:Ukugxiviza okushisayo kunikeza amandla okuthuthukisa i-microstructure yezinto, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokwenyuka kokuqina komkhiqizo.
Izinyathelo Zokukhiqiza Ezilula:Ukugxiviza okushisayo kuqeda noma kunciphisa izinyathelo zokukhiqiza ezimaphakathi, okuholela enqubweni yokukhiqiza eyenziwe lula, ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezikhathi zokuhola ezimfushane.
Izicelo Zomkhiqizo
I-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) High-Speed Hot Stamping Production Line ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zomzimba ezimhlophe zezimoto. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinsika, obhampa, imishayo yeminyango, nama-roof rail asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezithwala abantu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys athuthukisiwe anikwe amandla yi-hot stamping kuya kuhlolwa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, ukuzivikela, nezimakethe ezikhulayo. Lawa ma-alloys anikeza izinzuzo zamandla aphezulu kanye nesisindo esincishisiwe okunzima ukukufeza ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwakha.
Sengiphetha, i-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) I-High-Speed Hot Stamping Production Line iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okunembayo nokusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimoto. Ngokwakheka okuphakeme, ukusebenza kokuhlanganisa okuncishisiwe, ukukhubazeka okuncishisiwe, nezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezithuthukisiwe, lo mugqa wokukhiqiza unikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Izicelo zayo zidlulela ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zomzimba ezimhlophe zezimoto zabagibeli futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona endaweni yezindiza, ezokuvikela, nezimakethe ezisafufusa. Tshala imali ku-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) High-Speed Hot Stamping Production Line ukuze uzuze ukusebenza okuvelele, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo zedizayini engasindi ezimbonini zezimoto nezihlangene.
Kuyini ukugxiviza okushisayo?
Ukugxiviza okushisayo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuqina komshini eYurophu kanye nokwakhiwa komshini oshisayo e-Asia, kuyindlela yokwenza izinto lapho okungenalutho kushiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile bese kugxivizwa futhi kucinywe ngaphansi kwengcindezi kufa okuhambisanayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuma okufunayo futhi kubangele ukuguqulwa kwesigaba ezintweni zensimbi. Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka isitembu esishisayo buhlanganisa ukushisisa amashidi ensimbi e-boron (anamandla okuqala angu-500-700 MPa) esimweni esinamandla, ukuwadlulisela ngokushesha ekufeni ukuze kugxivizwe ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi kucime ingxenye engaphakathi kwefa ngesilinganiso sokupholisa esingaphezu kuka-27 ° C/s, kulandelwa inkathi yokubamba ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukuze kutholwe izingxenye zensimbi eqinile ye-marnsitic ephezulu.
Izinzuzo zokunyathela okushisayo
Amandla okugcina aqinile athuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokwenza amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.
Yehlisa isisindo sengxenye ngokusebenzisa insimbi yeshidi elincanyana kuyilapho igcina ubuqotho besakhiwo nokusebenza kokuphahlazeka.
Ukuncipha kwesidingo sokujoyina imisebenzi efana nokushisela noma ukubopha.
Ingxenye encishisiwe ibuyela emuva futhi i-warping.
Izingxenye ezimbalwa zokukhubazeka ezifana nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka.
Izidingo zokucindezela okuphansi kwamathani uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakheka okubandayo.
Ikhono lokuhlanganisa izakhiwo zempahla ngokusekelwe ezindaweni ezithile eziyingxenye.
Ama-microstructures athuthukisiwe ukuze asebenze kangcono.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza elula enezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokusebenza zokuthola umkhiqizo osuphelile.
Lezi zinzuzo zifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele, ikhwalithi, nokusebenza kwezingxenye zesakhiwo ezinesitembu esishisayo.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokugxiviza okushisayo
1.Ukunyathela Okushisayo vs Ukunyathela Okubandayo
Ukugxiviza okushisayo kuyinqubo yokwakha eyenziwa ngemva kokushisa ishidi lensimbi, kuyilapho ukugxiviza okubandayo kubhekisela ekugxilweni okuqondile kweshidi lensimbi ngaphandle kokushisa kuqala.
Ukugxiviza okubandayo kunezinzuzo ezicacile ngaphezu kokunyathela okushisayo. Nokho, iphinde ibonise ukungalungi okuthile. Ngenxa yokucindezeleka okuphezulu okubangelwa inqubo ebandayo yokunyathela uma kuqhathaniswa nokugxiviza okushisayo, imikhiqizo enezitembu ezibandayo isengozini yokuqhekeka nokuhlukana. Ngakho-ke, imishini yokugxiviza enembile iyadingeka ukuze kugxivizwe okubandayo.
Ukugxiviza okushisayo kuhilela ukushisa ishidi lensimbi kumazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphambi kokunyathela kanye nokucisha idayidi ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni okuphelele kwe-microstructure yensimbi ibe yi-martensite, okuholela emandleni aphezulu asukela ku-1500 kuya ku-2000 MPa. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo enezitembu ezishisayo ibonisa amandla aphezulu uma iqhathaniswa nozakwabo abanezitembu ezibandayo.
2.Hot Stamping Process Flow
Ukugxiviza okushisayo, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi "ukuqina kokucindezela," kufaka phakathi ukushisa ishidi lamandla aphezulu ngamandla okuqala angama-500-600 MPa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-880 no-950°C. Ishidi elishisayo libe seligxivizwa ngokushesha futhi licinywe ku-die, lifinyelela amazinga okupholisa angu-20-300 ° C/s. Ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite ibe yi-martensite ngesikhathi sokucisha kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla engxenye, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinezigxivizo ezinamandla afinyelela ku-1500 MPa.Izindlela zokugxiviza ezishisayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukugxiviza okushisayo okuqondile kanye nokunyathela okushisayo okungaqondile:
Ku-stamping eshisayo eqondile, okungenalutho okushisiwe kuqala kufakwe ngqo ku-die evaliwe yokunyathela nokucisha. Izinqubo ezilandelayo zifaka ukupholisa, ukusika onqenqemeni nokubhoboza imbobo (noma ukusika nge-laser), nokuhlanza indawo.
I-Fiture1: Imodi yokucubungula isitembu esishisayo--ukugxiviza okuqondile okushisayo
Enqubweni yokufaka isitembu esishisayo esingaqondile, isinyathelo sokubumba esibandayo senziwa ngaphambi kokungena ezigabeni zokushisisa, ukugxiviza okushisayo, ukusika onqenqemeni, ukubhoboza imbobo, nokuhlanza indawo.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokunyathela okushisayo okungaqondile kanye nezinqubo zokugxiviza ezishisayo eziqondile ukufakwa kwesinyathelo sokubumba esibandayo esakha ngaphambi kokushisa ngendlela engaqondile. Ekunyatheleni okuqondile okushisayo, insimbi yeshidi ifakwa ngokuqondile esithandweni sokushisa, kuyilapho isitembu esishisayo esingaqondile, ingxenye efakwe ngaphambili eyakhiwe ngamakhaza ithunyelwa esithandweni sokushisa.
Ukugeleza kwenqubo yokugxiviza okushisayo okungaqondile ngokuvamile kubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukubumba okubandayo kwangaphambi kokubumba--Ukushisa-Ukunyathela okushisayo--Ukusika umphetho kanye nokubhoboza imbobo-Ukuhlanza indawo
I-Fiture2: Imodi yokucubungula isitembu esishisayo - isitembu esishisayo esingaqondile
3.Izisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokugxiviza okushisayo zihlanganisa isithando somlilo, umshini wokunyathelisa oshisayo, kanye nesikhunta esishisayo.
Isithando sokushisa:
Isithando somlilo sifakwe amandla okushisa nokulawula izinga lokushisa. Iyakwazi ukushisa amapuleti anamandla aphezulu ekushiseni kwe-recrystallization phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ifinyelele isimo se-austenitic. Kudingeka ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zokukhiqiza eziqhubekayo ezinkulu. Njengoba i-billet eshisayo ingaphathwa kuphela ngamarobhothi noma izingalo zemishini, isithando somlilo sidinga ukulayishwa okuzenzakalelayo nokulayishwa ngokunemba kokuma okuphezulu. Ukwengeza, lapho ushisa amapuleti ensimbi angavaliwe, kufanele anikeze ukuvikelwa kwegesi ukuvimbela i-oxidation ebusweni kanye ne-decarbonization ye-billet.
I-Hot Forming Press:
Umshini wokunyathelisa uwumgogodla wobuchwepheshe bokugxiviza okushisayo. Idinga ukuba nekhono lokunyathela ngokushesha nokubamba, kanye nokuhlonyiswa ngesistimu yokupholisa ngokushesha. Ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe bemishini yokunyathelisa eshisayo budlula kude obuvamile bomshini wokunyathelisa obandayo. Njengamanje, zimbalwa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe eziye zaphumelela ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeni imishini enjalo yokunyathelisa, futhi zonke zithembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, okuyenza ibize.
Ama-Hot Stamping Molds:
Isikhunta esishisayo se-stamping senza zombili izigaba zokwakheka nezokucisha. Esigabeni sokwenza, uma i-billet idliwe emgodini wesikhunta, isikhunta siqeda ngokushesha inqubo yokugxiviza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqedwa kokubunjwa kwengxenye ngaphambi kokuba izinto zithole ukuguqulwa kwesigaba se-martensitic. Khona-ke, ingena esiteji sokucisha nokupholisa, lapho ukushisa okuvela ku-workpiece ngaphakathi kwesikhunta kudluliselwa ngokuqhubekayo ekubunjeni. Amapayipi okupholisa ahlelwe ngaphakathi kwesikhunta asusa ngokushesha ukushisa ngesipholile esigelezayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-martensitic-austenitic kuqala lapho izinga lokushisa lempahla yokusebenza lehla liye ku-425°C. Uguquko phakathi kwe-martensite ne-austenite luphela lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-280°C, futhi ucezu lomsebenzi lukhishwa ku-200°C. Indima yokubamba isikhunta ukuvimbela ukunwetshwa kokushisa okungalingani kanye nokufinyela phakathi nenqubo yokucisha, okungase kuphumele ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo kokuma nobukhulu bengxenye, okuholela ekulahlekeni. Ukwengeza, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa okushisayo phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nesikhunta, ikhuthaza ukucisha nokupholisa ngokushesha.
Kafushane, imishini eyinhloko yokugxiviza okushisayo ihlanganisa isithando somlilo sokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elifunekayo, umshini wokushisa oshisayo wokunyathelisa isitembu esisheshayo nokubamba ngesistimu yokupholisa ngokushesha, kanye nokubunjwa kwezitembu ezishisayo ezenza kokubili izigaba zokwakha nokucisha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwengxenye efanele kanye nokupholisa kahle.
Isivinini sokupholisa esicishayo asithinti kuphela isikhathi sokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi sithinta ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa phakathi kwe-austenite ne-martensite. Izinga lokupholisa linquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo sekristalu esizokwakhiwa futhi sihlobene nomphumela wokugcina wokuqina womsebenzi. Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile lokupholisa le-boron steel lilinganiselwa ku-30℃/s, futhi kuphela uma izinga lokupholisa lidlula izinga lokushisa elibalulekile lokupholisa lapho ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-martensitic kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Uma izinga lokupholisa lingaphansi kwezinga lokupholisa elibalulekile, izakhiwo ezingezona ze-martensitic ezifana ne-bainite zizovela esakhiweni se-crystallization yocezu lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokupholisa liphakeme, kungcono, izinga lokupholisa liphezulu lizoholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ezakhiwe, futhi izinga lokupholisa elinengqondo lidinga ukunqunywa ngokuya ngokubunjwa kwempahla kanye nezimo zenqubo yezingxenye.
Njengoba ukuklanywa kwepayipi lokupholisa kuhlobene ngokuqondile nobukhulu bejubane lokupholisa, ipayipi lokupholisa ngokuvamile liklanywe ngokombono wezinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kokushisa, ngakho-ke isiqondiso sepayipi lokupholisa eliklanyelwe liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukutholakala ngokubhoboza ngomshini ngemva kokuqedwa kokubunjwa kwesikhunta. Ukuze ugweme ukuvinjelwa ukucubungula ngomshini, indlela yokugcina imigudu yamanzi ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwesikhunta ngokuvamile ikhethwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi isebenza isikhathi eside ku-200 ℃ kuya ku-880 ~ 950 ℃ ngaphansi kwezimo ezishintshashintshayo ezibandayo nezishisayo, izinto ezishisayo zokufaka isitembu kufanele zibe nokuqina okuhle kwesakhiwo kanye ne-thermal conductivity, futhi ingamelana nokungqubuzana okushisayo okunamandla okukhiqizwa yi-billet ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomphumela wokuguga wezinhlayiyana ze-abrasive oxide. Ukwengeza, isikhunta kufanele futhi sibe nokuma okuhle kokugqwala kwesipholile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okushelelayo kwepayipi lokupholisa.
Ukunquma nokubhoboza
Ngenxa yokuthi amandla ezingxenye ngemva kokushaya isitembu esishisayo afinyelela cishe ku-1500MPa, uma kusetshenziswa ukusika nokubhoboza komshini, izidingo ze-tonnage zemishini zinkulu, futhi ukugqoka konqenqema lokufa kubucayi. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi okusika i-laser avame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika imiphetho nemigodi.
4.Amamaki ajwayelekile ensimbi yokunyathela eshisayo
Ukusebenza ngaphambi kokugxiviza
Ukusebenza ngemuva kokugxiviza
Njengamanje, izinga elijwayelekile lensimbi yokugxiviza eshisayo yi-B1500HS. Amandla aqinile ngaphambi kokugxiviza ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-480-800MPa, futhi ngemva kokunyathela, amandla aqinile angafinyelela ku-1300-1700MPa. Okusho ukuthi, amandla aqinile wepuleti lensimbi elingu-480-800MPa, ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwesitembu esishisayo, angathola amandla aqinile wezingxenye ezingaba ngu-1300-1700MPa.
5.Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi eshisayo yokunyathela
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zokugxiviza okushisayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayisana kwemoto futhi kubone isisindo somzimba wemoto esimhlophe. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokushaya isitembu esishisayo buye basetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezimhlophe zomzimba wezimoto zabagibeli, njengemoto, insika ye-A, insika ye-B, i-bumper, i-door beam kanye ne-roof rail nezinye izingxenye.Bheka umfanekiso wesi-3 ngezansi njengezingxenye ezifanele zokulinganisa ukukhanya.
umfanekiso 3: Izingxenye zomzimba ezimhlophe ezifanele ukugxivizwa okushisayo
Umfanekiso 4: Imishini ye-jiangdong engu-1200 Ton Hot Stamping Press Line
Njengamanje, izixazululo zomugqa wokukhiqiza izitembu ze-JIANGDONG MACHINERY sezivuthwe kakhulu futhi zizinzile, emkhakheni wokwakha isitembu oshisayo waseChina ungowezinga eliphambili, futhi njenge-China Machine Tool Association eyakha imishini yegatsha iphini likasihlalo weyunithi kanye namayunithi angamalungu eKomidi le-China Forging Machinery Standardization Committee, senze futhi umsebenzi wokucwaninga nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi kuzwelonke. i-aluminium, ebambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezitembu ezishisayo eShayina ngisho nasemhlabeni wonke.
